Ukucutshungulwa kwesiginali ye-ECG

I-electrocardiogram (ECG) isetshenziselwa ukuthwebula ukuboniswa kwesimo senhliziyo isikhathi eside. Ixhumeke esikhunjeni ngama-electrodes angaphandle futhi aguqulwe abe yizimpawu zikagesi zokuqoqa. Ulwelwesi ngalunye lwentela elakhiwa ngaphandle kwenhliziyo lunenkokhelo ehambisana nayo, edelela ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye. Kubonakala esikhunjeni ngendlela yezimpawu ezincane zikagesi, ezingatholakala futhi zandiswa yi-electrocardiogram.

Ngo-1900, uWillem Einthoven wasungula i-electrocardiogragraph yokuqala. Uhlelo lunobuningi futhi ludinga abantu abaningi ukuba balikhohlise. Isiguli sidinga ukubeka izingalo nemilenze yakhe ku-electrode enkulu equkethe i-electrolyte. Okokusebenza kwanamuhla kwe-ECG kokuqapha kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kulula ukuthwala, ukuze iziguli zikwazi ukuzithwala lapho zihamba. I-ECG eholayo eyishumi nambili yokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ingathwalwa ephaketheni.

I-ECG Basics:

Igama elithi "ukuhola" ku-electrocardiogram kule ndatshana lisho umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwama-electrodes amabili, okungumehluko obhalwe yidivayisi. Isibonelo, "i-lead_i" i-voltage phakathi kwe-electrodes yesokunxele nesokunxele. Kokubili i-lead_i kanye ne-lead_ii kubhekisa ku-Lemv I-V1-V6 ibhekisa ku-Chest Lead. I-ECG Tracking V1 umehluko phakathi kwe-VC1 Voltage (The Voltage of the electrode yesifuba), kanye namandla kagesi aphakathi we-lead_i, ehola_ii, kanye ne-lead_iii. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-ECG oluholayo lwe-12 luhlanganisa amanani ayisishiyagalombili angempela namanani amane athathwe. Ithebula 1 linikeza incazelo emfushane yama-voltages ahlukahlukene okuhola (okwangempela futhi athathwe).

Amanothi wokubala wegama lokuhola

Lokhu kuhola kwangempela, okuboniswe emlandelweni we-ECG.

Ithebula 1: Amagama okuhola kanye nezindawo zokuqopha i-ECG.

I-waveform ye-ECG ejwayelekile ikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 1. I-axis ye-X imele isikali sesikhathi. Lapha, igridi ngayinye (5 mm) ihambelana nama-20 ms. I-axis ye-y ikhombisa ukugcwala kwesiginali ethunjiwe. Isigaba ngasinye (5 mm) kwi-axis ye-y ihambelana ne-0.5 MV. (10mm / MV kanye nama-25mm / s)

Umdwebo 1: I-ECG Waveform ejwayelekile.

Izici ze-ECG:

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwe-ECG lubandakanya ukuqonda izinhlobo zezimpawu ezidinga ukutholakala. Isiginali ye-electrocardiogram ifaka i-voltage ephansi ye-amplitude ekhona ku-bias ephezulu nomsindo. Umdwebo 2 ukhombisa izici zesiginali ye-ECG. Kukhona i-offset ephezulu ohlelweni ngenxa kagesi we-Half-Cell ekhiqizwa ama-electrodes. I-AG / AGCL (isiliva-isiliva chloride) i-electrode ejwayelekile kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-electrocardiogram, futhi i-voltage yayo ephezulu ye-offset yi- +/- 300MV. Isiginali yangempela elindelekile ngukuthi- Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luzophinde luvale umsindo we-50 / 60hz kusuka kulayini wamandla ukuze wakhe isiginali yemodi ejwayelekile. I-amplitude of Power Line Noise ingaba nkulu kakhulu futhi idinga ukuhlunga.

Umdwebo 2: Izici zesiginali ye-ECG ezizotholwa.

Ukutholwa kwe-ECG

Ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambi kwe-Analog I-analog front-end ukucubungula umjikelezo kufaka phakathi isilinganiso sokukhulisa ukunciphisa isiginali ngemodi ejwayelekile. I-amplifier yokulinganisa isebenza ku- +/- 5v futhi imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa uhla lwe-voltage. Lesi silinganiso se-amplifier kufanele sibe nokuvikelwa okuphezulu kokufaka ngoba ukungcola kwesikhumba kungaba nkulu kakhulu. I-OP AMP iyadingeka ekucutshungweni kwesiginali yedivayisi ye-electrocardiograph. Uchungechunge lwesiginali lohlelo lokutholwa kwe-ECG luhlanganisa ama-Amplifiers wokulinganisa, izihlungi (ezingenziwa nge-OP Amps) kanye ne-ADCS.